Linux 查找指令

command	which (builtin)	where (builtin)	whereis	whatis	locate 需要下载	find
查询域	用户PATH	PATH/alias/builtin	binary/source/man	man	自建的索引	整个文件系统
数据更新					使用find定期更新/updatedb强制更新
结果	显示第一个(-a显示所有)	显示所有查找结果(与which -a相似)	(可以通过参数设定类型)	显示man手册的一行描述

which/where

在用户的 PATH 中寻找 但其实跟where查找范围一样

$ which ls
ls: aliased to ls --color=auto
$ which -a ls
ls: aliased to ls --color=auto
/usr/bin/ls
/bin/ls
$ which where
where: shell built-in command

# where
$ where ls
ls: aliased to ls --color=auto
/usr/bin/ls
/bin/ls

whereis

默认查找binary(-b) source(-s)和man pages(-m)

$ whereis ls
ls: /usr/bin/ls /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz
$ whereis -b ls
ls: /usr/bin/ls

whatis

显示man手册的一行描述

$ whatis whatis
whatis (1)           - display one-line manual pag...

# 显示完整的不受终端宽度影响的一行
$ whatis --long whatis
whatis (1)           - display one-line manual page descriptions

find

文件系统查找文件

$ find /usr/bin -name ls
/usr/bin/ls
$ find /usr/bin -type f -name ls
/usr/bin/ls

tldr 描述

find
Find files or directories under the given directory tree, recursively.More information: https://manned.org/find.

 - Find files by extension:
   find {{root_path}} -name '{{*.ext}}'

 - Find files matching multiple path/name patterns:
   find {{root_path}} -path '{{**/path/**/*.ext}}' -or -name '{{*pattern*}}'

 - Find directories matching a given name, in case-insensitive mode:
   find {{root_path}} -type d -iname '{{*lib*}}'

 - Find files matching a given pattern, excluding specific paths:
   find {{root_path}} -name '{{*.py}}' -not -path '{{*/site-packages/*}}'

 - Find files matching a given size range:
   find {{root_path}} -size {{+500k}} -size {{-10M}}

 - Run a command for each file (use {} within the command to access the filename):
   find {{root_path}} -name '{{*.ext}}' -exec {{wc -l {} }}\;

 - Find files modified in the last 7 days and delete them:
   find {{root_path}} -daystart -mtime -{{7}} -delete

 - Find empty (0 byte) files and delete them:
   find {{root_path}} -type {{f}} -empty -delete